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PREFACE
Paul
Eli Ivey
Associate Professor of Art History, School of Art
University of Arizona
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On
January 6, 1895, only one week after its completion, the Mother Church
of the Christian Science movement, The First Church of Christ, Scientist,
in Boston, Massachusetts, was officially dedicated in five repeated services
that attracted several thousand visitors from across the United States.
A letter from an early pastor to Mary Baker Eddy, the Founder, Teacher,
and Leader of the church, was read aloud at each of the services: "'Laus
deo, it is done!' At last you begin to see the fruition of that you have
worked, toiled, prayed for. The 'prayer in stone' is accomplished."
An editorial in the January issue of the monthly Christian Science
Journal applauded the year's arduous labors: "think of the year's
achievements in the erection of the Mother Church,--the First Church of
Christ, Scientist, in Boston,--the Mother Vine, whose outspreading branches
cover the true disciples everywhere! Read in its granite and marble and
iron, the story of triumph and history! See in its solid walls the emblem
of the unchanging Truth it typifies! And know that it stands for the second
coming of Christ, whose mission now, as of old, is to 'heal the sick,
raise the dead, cleanse the lepers, cast out demons,' and redeem the world."
Originally
written as a master's thesis and now here available for the first time
in print, A Miracle in Stone is the most complete story of the
building of this beautiful and historic church that immediately became
the most recognizable outward symbol of the entire Christian Science movement.
Master's theses in general critically analyze and interpret a specific
area or problem, and expand the understanding of the issues involved through
a wide reading of secondary literature. A Miracle in Stone accomplishes
this and much more, as it is a treasure trove of original historical photographs,
detailed plans, relevant documents, letters, and ephemera.
Written
at a time when Christian Science archival materials were scarce and generally
unavailable to scholars, this book utilizes remarkable primary source
material, including unpublished letters to and from Mrs. Eddy, and represents
the first scholarly history, from its conception in 1889 until its completion
in 1894, of the most influential church building in the emerging Christian
Science movement, a major indigenous American denomination that began
in the Victorian parlors of New England. The book contains a wellspring
of hitherto unavailable archival material, all of which is now part of
the collections of the Mary Baker Eddy Library in Boston.
A
Miracle in Stone is, first of all, a story of faith in God's guidance
in building a house for God's worship and a home for Christian Scientists.
It is a story of overcoming limitations through an increased knowledge
of the possibility of spiritual progress. Basically chronological, and
including biographies and candid discussions of all of the relevant personnel
involved, the book uses as its point of departure the structure of a longer
manuscript written by Joseph Armstrong, who was a member of the Board
of Directors of the Mother Church and was in charge of building the original
edifice. Parts of this were edited and published in 1897 in his book,
The Mother Church.
Outlining
the program, design problems, as well as the construction industries,
the trades, contractors and even workers' disputes, Pinkham carefully
details the seemingly insurmountable problems that emerged almost daily
during the conception and construction, and studies the remarkable structure
and exterior materials, as well as the stylistic and ornamental details
of the original edifice of the Mother Church. This attention to all of
the particulars of the edifice, from financing, planning, and building,
to following new building codes and fulfilling Mrs. Eddy's many expectations,
within the context of the overall building of Boston's Back Bay, is of
particular interest not only to Christian Scientists, but to architectural
historians and scholars of American vernacular architecture as well. Also
important is Pinkham's discussion of the development of a unique Christian
Science polity, and the distinctive place of women in the financing and
constructing of the edifice.
For
those who appreciate Victorian architecture, the book also addresses the
windows, mosaics, frescoes and wood carvings of the auditorium, as well
as the planning and domestic setting of the Mother's Room, all of which
contribute to the distinctive atmosphere of light and color still present
in the original edifice of the Mother Church. Remarkably, the original
edifice of the Mother Church is still largely as it was in 1895, and stands
as an important architectural artifact of the late nineteenth century.
While
other scholars, including myself and Jeanne Halgren Kilde, have published
books and articles on Christian Science architecture and its many possible
meanings, Margaret M. Pinkham, in A Miracle in Stone, has provided
a well-conceived collection of primary source materials that will engage,
enlighten and fascinate church members and scholars alike, and will inform
the many scholars who are now studying the significance of the architecture
of the original edifice, the extension, branch churches, and the church
headquarters in Boston. Particularly interesting are the exhaustive appendices,
including bids of contractors and suppliers, costs for materials, architects'
contracts, specifications and building permits, and supplier and service
contracts and correspondence. There is simply no other late nineteenth
century church edifice that has had such an exhaustive historical treatment.
All dollar amounts in the book as well as the primary source documents
in the appendix are in 1894 dollars, which, if converted into this year's
inflation-adjusted value, would be twenty-four times as much.
From
groundbreaking to the first service for the public, fourteen months transpired,
and the building itself was erected in only seven months after the laying
of the cornerstone. Certainly most miraculous was the fact that from a
shell comprising the exterior walls on a foundation to the date of the
first public service on December 30, 1894, was less than eight weeks.
The
Mother Church of Christian Science was not simply a building for a local
congregation, but was erected for members throughout the world, indeed,
for all mankind. To those who were building it, it concretized the vision
of the solidity of the Truth upon which it still stands. As the Boston
Herald put it, the Christian Scientists had erected "one of the most
remarkable church buildings in the city," a structure whose "massive
strength" asserted that it had been "built to endure for centuries."
Paul
Eli Ivey
February 2009
Author
of
Prayers in Stone: Christian Science Architecture in the United States
1894-1930 (1999)
Associate Professor of Art History, School of Art
University of Arizona
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ILLUSTRATIONS
LIST
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B = Black & white
original, C= Color on CD-Rom, black & white the printed book
Introduction
1. B W.G.C. Kimball's photo of the Mother Church in 1899
2. B Christian Science Association members geographic locations in 1887-1889,
1890, and 1910
Chapter One - Mary
Baker Eddy and Christian Science
3. B Mary Baker Eddy
4. B Mary Baker birthplace, Bow, NH
5. B The Old North Church, Concord, NH
6. B George Washington Glover
7. B Mary, widow of George Washington Glover
8. B Masonic Knights Templar cross and crown
9. B Dr. Daniel Patterson
10. B Asa Gilbert Eddy
Chapter Two - The
Land and Its Ownership
11. B Map, today, of Back Bay, Boston
12. B Gravelly Point, Back Bay marsh and Holliday farm
13. B 1775 map of Boston
14. B 1814 map of Back Bay
15. B 1824 map of Guy Holliday house
16. B 1831 map of Back Bay
17. B 1836 map of Back Bay
18. B 1861 map of Back Bay
19. B 1871 map of Back Bay
20. B 1881 map of Back Bay
21. B 1886 map of Mother Church area in Back Bay
22. B Plat of streets and lots at time of land purchase
23. B Title/Deed chain of 12 transfers 1886-1892
24. B 1887 Chickering Hall fundraiser poster
25. B 1887 Fundraising cards
26. B 1887 Horticultural Hall fundraiser poster
27. B 1888 accounting of funds stolen by Bradley
28. B 1889 Building Fund status report
29. B 1889 letter: Baxter Perry offer to purchase mortgage
30. B 1889 letter: Baxter Perry advising purchase upon foreclosure
31. B 1889 letter: Baxter Perry confirming Mary Baker Eddy purchase
32. B Minutes of dissolution of 1879 Christian Science Church
33. B 1899 Deed of Trust to church land
34. B 1891 letter asking for contributions
35. B 1891 another letter asking for contributions
36. B 1892 fundraising letter
37. B 1891and 1892 free will offering pledge cards
38. B 1892 letter requesting reallocation of contributions
39. B 1892 letter and form for reallocation of contributions
40. B 1892 letter from the Trustees to donors
41. B 1892 two letters regarding returned contributions
42. B 1892 Gray/Nixon sketch proposal of Church and Publishing House
43. B 1892 proposed ground floor plan for Publishing Society
44. B 1892 proposed second floor plan for the church
45. B 1892 Journal article describing Gray/Nixon combination idea
46. B Arthur Gray vitae 1894-1930
47. B 1892 letter from Trustees to Christian Scientists
48. B 1892 letter from Trustees to Christian Scientists
49. B 1892 two letters about breaking the Deed of Trust
50. B 1906 affidavit about ordinance on raising of funds
Chapter Three -
Fundraising
51. B Stephen A. Chase
52. B Concord Monitor contract announcement to build
53. B Josephine Curtis Otterson
54. B Augusta E. Stetson
55. B Names of 51 contributors for the cornerstone
56. B 1893 pledge card signed by Edward Bates
57. B Mary F. Eastaman
58. B Joseph S. Eastaman
59. B 1894 letters from Eastamans to Chase
60. B 1895 church organ Inaugural Concert invitation
61. B 1895 church organ Inaugural Concert program cover
62. B 1895 church organ inaugural musical program
63. B 1895 article appreciating the new organ
64. B 1895 specifications of the new organ
65. B 1894 secret pledges to make up Building Fund deficit
66. B 1894/5 special contributions list
67. B 1894 Otterson letter with $7,000 contribution
68. B 1892-1895 Chase estimates of funds on hand
69. B 1894 ledger entry of amounts collected
Chapter Four -
Architectural Background and Description of the Original Mother Church
As Built in 1894
70. B Oconto, WI church
71. B Scranton, PA church
72. B Weeping Water, NE church
73. B Jamestown, NY church
74. B Stillwater, OK church
75. B Fabyans, NH church
76. B Epworth Methodist church
77. C First corps of Cadet Armory, Boston, MA
78. C First Baptist Church, Malden, MA
79. C Converse Memorial Library, Malden, MA
80. B 1893 Building Permit
81. B 1893 Application for permit to Build
82. B Floor plan of the seven sides of the building
83. B Plan of study and water closet in back of the pulpit
84. B Original Mother Church and Extension symmetry
85. B Original Edifice plans and drawing numbers:
B Drawing 1: Boiler room plan
B Drawing 2: Vestry floor plan
B Drawing 3: Transverse plan
B Drawing 4: Longitudinal section
B Drawing 5: Side elevation (after #6)
B Drawing 6: Front elevation
B Drawing 7: Rear elevation
B Drawing 10: Vestry floor plan
B Drawing 11: Audience room floor plan
B Drawing 12: Gallery floor plan
B Drawing 14: Ceiling plan
B Drawing 50: Side view showing organ space
B Drawing 51: Longitudinal view showing organ space
86. C Granite pilings supporting joists of the church
87. C Terra cotta blocks over T beams
88. B Arch styles between T beams
89. B Pressure arch schematic
90. C Common red clay used between beams
91. C Centered wood support to hold tiles until set
92. B Belt course containing Dedication Tablet
93. C Cover over the skylight
94. B Church tower and flue turret
95. B Pink New Hampshire granite arches and pillars
96. B Acanthus leaf design of squared capitals
97. B Griffes at column bases
98. B Cubriform-shaped incised capitals
99. B Covered stair arcades with grille work
100. C Interior doors covered in leather
101. B Rose window
102. C Stained glass window fluorescent tube diffuser
103. B Vestibule leading to Director's room
104. C Interior room-divider sashes in lower level
105. C Open metal fretwork balustrading
106. C Metal risers with faux metal treads
107. C Swirling pattern mosaic floor
108. C Irregular linear pattern of other mosaic floors
109. C An edging pattern used on mosaic floors
110. C Geometrically designed mosaic floors
111. C Additional mosaic floor edging
112. C Mosaic wainscoting similar to Celtic interlacing motif
113. C Mosaics laid in anthemion pattern
114. C Additional mosaics laid in anthemion pattern
115. C Four bowed seats on the Reader's platform
116. C Detail of the carving on the bowed seats
117. C Stand-alone seat on platform for Mrs. Eddy
118. C Bronze hymnal rack for first pew row
119. C Additional pew design
120. C Gothic cut-out in organ bench seat
121. C Looking up under Reader's desk
122. C Detail of standing lamp base on platform
123. C Globed section of one of the standing lamps
124. B Overall view of one of the standing lamps
125. C Matching auditorium sconces
126. C View of Reader's platform, choir loft, and organ
127. B Blueprint for organ decorative pediment
128. C Organ decorative pediment
129. C Wave scroll carved under the pipe ranks
130. C Platform design element
131. C Platform design element
132. C Platform design element
133. C Platform design element
134. C Platform design element
135. C Platform design element
136. B Blueprint for Romanesque design features in the Mother's Room
137. C Slightly curved pews
138. C Hand-carved pew ends
139. C Mrs. Eddy's pew back inscription
140. B Gallery support column with motifs
141. C Balcony fresco and stenciling work executed while plaster was wet
142. C Balcony fresco and stenciling work executed while plaster was wet
143. C Raised painted plaster to look like mosaics
144. C Raised painted plaster to look like mosaics
145. C Detail of #143
146. C Stenciling on balcony wall and ceiling
147. C Detail of #145
148. B Vaulted ceiling portion over rose window severies
149. B Stained glass sunburst in the ceiling
150. B Diagram of the air-conditioning duct system
151. B Article in The Christian Science Journal, February 1899
152. B Jefferson Market Courthouse in New York City
153. B A.S. Zeno Maggiore in Verona, Italy
154. B Sketch for unused wainscoting
Chapter Five -
Dramatis Personae
155. B The Christian Science Board of Directors, 1894
156. B Ira O. Knapp
157. B William B. Johnson
158. B Stephen A. Chase
159. B Joseph A. Armstrong
160. B Edward P. Bates
161. B Caroline Bates
162. B Ebenezer J. Foster-Eddy
163. B Franklin I. Welch
164. B Sample Welch drawings
165. B Building application for neighboring buildings
166. B Detailed building application for neighboring buildings
167. B Comstock's list of clients
168. C Second Church of Christ, Scientist, New York, NY
169. C First Church of Christ, Scientist, Florence, CO
170. C First Church of Christ, Scientist, St. Joseph, MO
171. C First Church of Christ, Scientist, Englewood, NJ
172. B Comstock's 1896 proposed expansion of 1894 Mother Church
173. B Comstock's elevation drawing of the proposed expansion
174. B Comstock's 1896 proposal letter regarding the expansion
175. B Comstock's submitted renovation and expansion estimates
176. B Welch's Malden MA home which he designed
177. C Welch-designed First Church of Christ, Scientist, Manchester, NH
178. B Franklin Welch's son, Edwin A. Welch
179. B Welch when he was a grandfather
180. B Another photo of Welch-designed house in Malden, MA
Chapter Six - The
Building of the Mother Church
181. B Receipt by Welch for his plans purchased by the Directors
182. B Newspaper article about the New England Granite Works
183. B Sample pages, Directory of American Bridge-Building Companies
184. B John Swenson's Granite Works office
185. B John Swenson's granite quarry
186. B Journal article announcing church building project
187. B Laying of the cornerstone
188. B Thomas W. Hatten
189. B James A. Neal
190. C Carved frame showing fig leaf design
191. B Cornerstone in place
192. B Stone for walls delivered
Chapter Seven -
Late Summer 1894
193. B Iron framework under construction
194. B Bricklayers posing around the Rose Window
195. B Church building as of circa Nov. 1, 1894
196. B Workmen installing the iron frame to the roof
197. B More of iron frame construction of the roof
198. B Construction scaffolding detail
199. B The granite carved testimonial band outside the church
200. C Pew-end designer Barley's sample design
201. C Mary baker Eddy's pew
202. B Emily B. Hulin
203. B Walls up, but the roof still open and unfinished
204. B December 1894 Special Contributions list
205. B Signed secret pledges including notation of amount paid
206. C Card printed in red and inserted in the Dec. 1894 Journal
207. C Gold-plated Mother's Room doorknob
Chapter Eight -
December, The Final Month
208. B Thirty-two of the over 200 workmen on site at the same time
209. B Derrick placed on the uncompleted church tower
210. B Sewer installation in front of the church
211. C Vestibule sconce
212. C Another sconce
213. B Bronze torch at an exterior entrance
Chapter Nine -
The Windows
214. B Lists of estimated and actual costs of windows as well as donors
215. B Sketches identifying location of each window in the building
216. C Sample of intentional non-matching glass in non-pictorial windows
217. B Other known stained glass works by Horace J. Phipps
218. C Phipps window in First Congregational Church, Cambridge, MA
219. C Phipps window in Pawtucket Congregational Church, Pawtucket, RI
220. C Probable Phipps windows in Pawtucket Congregational Church
221. C Comparative Phipps window in The Mother Church
222. B Phipps window #2 listed in Pawtucket Congregational Church
223. B Phipps receipt for window in Pawtucket, RI
224. B Unity from Christ and Christmas
225. B Mrs. Eddy's choice instead of Unity
226. C Window: The Woman of Samaria
227. B Phipps contract for all windows in the Mother Church
228. C Window: The Angel with the Little Book
229. B Article about Dorothea Warren in The Christian Science Monitor
230. B Article about Mollie Carswell Kelly in a local Kansas City paper
231. B Carl Müller1870 painting similar to The Woman God-Crowned
232. C Window: The Madonna, or Mary, the Mother of Jesus
233. C Window: Mary Anointing the Head of Jesus
234. C+B Original and discarded feet and hands pieces
235. B Exterior view of Mary Anointing the Head of Jesus
236. B Jesus facial image in Mary Anointing the Head of Jesus
237. B Jesus' facial image not used in Mary Anointing the Head of Jesus
238. B Mary's facial image in Mary Anointing the Head of Jesus
239. B Mary's facial image not used in Mary Anointing the Head of Jesus
240. B Box cover of seven unused pieces
241. C Window: Mary at the Resurrection
242. B Mrs. Bachelder's copy of a portrait of Jesus on a card
243. B Original design of face of Jesus in Mary at the Resurrection
244. C Final design of face of Jesus in Mary at the Resurrection
245. C Window: The Woman God-Crowned
246. B Carl Müller's depiction of The Woman God-Crowned
247. C Fluorescent tubes with diffuser shown behind a window
248. B Original of The Woman God-Crowned window
249. B Second version of The Woman God-Crowned window
250. B Final version of The Woman God-Crowned window
251. C Window: The Raising of Lazarus
252. C Panel: Lazarus leaving the tomb
253. C Panel: Jesus and his entourage
254. C Window: The Peaceable Kingdom
255. C Lamb detail from The Peaceable Kingdom
256. C Another detail from The Peaceable Kingdom
257. C Window: John on the Isle of Patmos
258. C Detail from John on the Isle of Patmos
259. B Inspirational old bible illustration
260. C Window: The Window of the Open Book
261. C Closer view of The Window of the Open Book
262. C The Bible portion from The Window of the Open Book
263. C Mother and Child portion from The Window of the Open Book
264. C The Southern Cross portion from The Window of the Open Book
265. C The Golden Shore of Love from The Window of the Open Book
266. C The Open Book portion from The Window of the Open Book
267. C Detail of one of the water pots
268. C Windows: the six water pots
269. C Window: The Raising of Jairus' Daughter and parts
270. B Unity, Mrs. Bates's desired choice
271. B Mrs. Eddy's choice for The Raising of Jairus' Daughter
272. C Detail of one of the palm fronds
273. C Windows: the six windows under the rose window
274. C Window: Science and Health and the Bible
275. B Building Fund Card formed the basis of the window
276. C 1994 gift of the Manual window
277. C Sunburst ceiling fixture
278. B Schematic of sunburst ceiling fixture
279. C Center of the sunburst showing prismatic crystal
280. C Window: Suffer the Little Children
281. C Window: The Star of Bethlehem
282. B Image under consideration but not used
283. C Window: Seeking and Finding
284. C Original Christian Science Seal
285. C Current Christian Science Seal
286. B The Immaculate Conception by Murillo
Chapter Ten - Mother's
Room
287. C Looking today into the empty room
288. B Maurine R. Campbell formulated the idea of the Busy Bees
289. C The small beehive bank used by the Busy Bees
290. B Mother's Room layout plan
291. C White marble arch leading up the Mother's Room, door open
292. C White marble arch leading up the Mother's Room, door closed
293. C Gold knob on the door to the Mother's Room
294. B Mother's Room interior in 1894, furnished
295. C Onyx marble fireplace
296. C Tile floor of white marble tiles with inlaid design
297. C Fruited inlaid leaf twig mosaic design
298. C Mosaic design used on floor borders
299. C Frescoed geometric wall covering with a hint of gold
300. C Closer detail of #299
301. C Swirling acanthus leaf design used in the window-seat niches
302. C Complex crown molding
303. C Crown molding and ornate ventilation grille
304. C Crown molding and without grille
305. C Solid bronze wall bracket lighting fixture
306. C Wall bracket used in lavatory and dressing room
307. C Closer detail of #306
308. B Large painting set on the floor between 1895 and 1908
309. C Window: Star of Bethlehem
310. B Star of Bethlehem from Christ and Christmas
311. C Current window: Seeking and Finding
312. B Original top portion of window Seeking and Finding
313. B Seeking and Finding from Christ and Christmas
314. C Window: A Little Child Shall Lead Them
315. C Detail from #314
316. B Drawing from Christ and Christmas
317. C Original stained glass piece of the head in Seeking and Finding
318. C Section of Seeking and Finding window
319. C Window: Seeking and Finding
320. B Original stained glass hand in Seeking and Finding
321. C Current stained glass hand in Seeking and Finding
322. B The Bates's gold-plated scroll invitation to Mrs. Eddy in 1895
323. B Tower at Mrs. Eddy's residence on Commonwealth Avenue
324. B Towers at Mrs., Eddy's home in Pleasant View
325. B Tower at early Christian Science Hall in Concord NH
326. B Tower at later Christian Science Church in Concord NH
327. B 1894 granite box replication of the original cornerstone
328. B Solid gold box embedded in granite with lid inscribed to Mrs. Eddy
329. B Solid gold box embedded in granite with lid open
330. B Invoice and receipt for cornerstone replica purchased by Board
Chapter Eleven-The Final Chapter
331. B A group standing outside the just completed church
332. B A Busy Bee at the time of the Dedicatory Service January 1, 1895
333. B A Dedicatory Service full of Busy Bees
334. C Seating chart showing pew zones by rate
335. B List of pew seats chosen by those mentioned in this book
336. B Back of the Original Mother Church in 1904 prior to the Extension
337. B Back view of the Original Mother Church including the skylight
338. B Direct view of the back of the Original Mother Church
339. B Map of lots transferred to enable building the Extension
340. B View of the Original Mother Church and the Extension
Appendix A - Layouts
of Leading in the Stained Glass Windows
Plate 1 Jesus Raising Jairus' Daughter
Plate 2 Palms and Torches
Plate 3 The City That Lieth Foursquare
Plate 4 The Six Waterpots
Plate 5 St. John on the Island of Patmos
Plate 6 Science and Health resting on the Bible, and companion window
without subject
Plate 7 The Raising of Lazarus
Plate 8 Mary the Mother of Jesus
Plate 9 Mary Anointing the Head of Jesus
Plate 10 Mary First at the Resurrection
Plate 11 Woman God Crowned
Plate 12 Window of the Open Bible, and the Open Science and Health
Plate 13 The Sunburst
Plate 14 A Little Child Shall Lead Them
Plate 15 Jesus and the Woman of Samaria
Plate 16 The Angel With the Open Book
Plate 17 Star of Bethlehem
Plate 18 Suffer Little Children to Come Unto Me
Plate 19 Seeking and Finding
Plate 20 A Window in the Directors Board Room
Appendix B-Contractors
Primary Source Material
400 document reproductions including specifications, contracts, telegrams,
drawings, payments, and receipts.
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TIMELINE
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1821
July 16
|
Mary
Morse Baker born. |
1843
December 10
|
Marries
George W. Glover. |
| 1873
November 4 |
Obtains divorce from Patterson. |
| 1875
June 1 |
Eight
students band together for the first time for, and as, a church. Discontinues
month later. |
| 1875
June 4 |
Copyrights
Science and Health. |
| 1875
October 30 |
First edition of Science and Health is published. |
| 1876
July 4 |
Organizes
the Christian Scientists' Association with six students. |
| 1877
January 1 |
Marries
Asa Gilbert Eddy (b. 1832), eleven years her junior. |
| 1878
August 15 |
Designates
Christian Scientists as the name by which students of Christian Science
will be known. |
| 1879
April 12 |
The
14 or 15 members of the Christian Scientists' Association vote to
organize a church. |
| 1879
August 16 |
Mary
Baker Eddy is called as Pastor. |
| 1879
August 19 |
Church
charter is applied for. |
| 1879
August 23 |
Church
charter is granted. |
| 1881
January 31 |
Massachusetts Metaphysical college is chartered in Boston, MA. |
| 1881
November 9 |
Mary
Baker Eddy is ordained. Now legally Reverend Mary Baker Eddy. |
| 1882
January |
Goes
to Washington, DC, to research copyright laws. Gives 12 parlor lectures. |
| 1882
June 3 |
Asa
Eddy passes on. |
| 1882
August 16 |
Calvin
Frye joins household as her private secretary. |
| 1883
April 14 |
First
issue of The Christian Science Journal is published, at first a bi-monthly. |
| 1884
May |
First
trip to Chicago, IL; lectures and teaches a class of 25 for three
weeks. |
| 1884
August 8 |
Teaches
first Normal class at the Massachusetts Metaphysical College. The
10 students who attend go out as the first authorized teachers of
Christian Science. |
| 1885
October 25 |
Sunday
School is formally organized. At first it is for adults and children
alike, although in different classes. |
| 1886
July 1 |
William
H. Bradley, Treasurer, assumes mortgage on property for the purpose
of building a church edifice. |
| 1886
October 31 |
First
service is held in first building erected as a Christian Science church,
in Oconto, WI. |
| 1887
December |
Church
Fair is held in Horticultural Hall. |
| 1888
March |
Bradley
absconds with funds intended to pay off mortgage. |
| 1888
June 12 |
There
are 36 students who rebel and are granted letters of dismissal. |
| 1888
June 13 |
Mrs.
Eddy speaks in Chicago at the National Christian Scientist Association. |
| 1888
June 14 |
Mrs.
Eddy speaks in Chicago at a public meeting to over 4,000 people. |
| 1888
July/August |
Is
hung in effigy, and spends week with the Knapp family in Lyman, NH. |
| 1888
November 5 |
Adopts
Ebenezer J. Foster (1847-1930). He was dropped from the rolls of the
church on June 20, 1899. |
| 1888
December 4 |
Lawyer,
Baxter Perry, purchases mortgage for Mrs. Eddy. |
| 1889
March 5 |
Mrs.
Eddy decrees that Christian Scientists everywhere can become members
of The Mother church. |
| 1889
May 28 |
Resigns
pastorate. |
| 1889
June |
Calls
for the organization of Christian Science churches. Later these will
become branches of The Mother Church. |
| 1889
August 19 |
Mrs.
Eddy forecloses on the mortgage which became due on July 1, 1889. |
| 1889
September 23 |
Dissolves
the Christian Scientists' Association. |
| 1889
December 2 |
Church
of Christ (Scientist), Boston, abandons charter, its formal organization,
and dissolves. |
| 1889
December 9 |
Advertises
church land to be available for purchase. |
| 1889
December 10 |
Land
is purchased by Ira O. Knapp. |
| 1889
December 18 |
Land
is conveyed by Knapp (i.e. Mrs. Eddy) to three Trustees-Alfred Lang,
Marcellus Munroe, and William Nixon, through a deed of trust. |
| 1891
March 1 |
Busy
Bees are organized. They are dissolved permanently on August 30, 1895. |
| 1892
June 20 |
Mrs.
Eddy moves to Pleasant View in Concord, NH, which she purchased December
1891. |
| 1892
August |
Knapp
repossesses land and deeds it over to Mrs. Eddy. |
| 1892
September 1 |
Mrs.
Eddy, by means of another deed of trust, gives the land to the church
through the Christian Science Board of Directors of The First Church
of Christ, Scientist, in Boston, MA as a "perpetual body or corporation." |
| 1892
September 23 |
The
First Church of Christ, Scientist, is reorganized with 12 members. |
| 1893
January |
Joseph
Armstrong is made Publisher of The Christian Science Journal. |
| 1893
March |
Joseph
Armstrong replaces Captain Eastaman on the Board of Directors. |
| 1893
September 29 |
Mrs.
Eddy advises Directors to begin building the church edifice. |
| 1893
October 1 |
Ground
is broken. |
| 1893
October |
Excavation
begins. |
| 1893
November 8 |
First
stone is laid for the foundation. |
| 1893
December 2 |
Christ
and Christmas is published. An earlier shorter edition was printed
in October. |
| 1894
January |
Foundation
is finished. |
| 1894
January 10 |
Sale
of Christ and Christmas is stopped. Reissued December 1897. |
| 1894
April 24 |
First
stone of church walls is laid |
| 1894
May 21 |
Cornerstone
is laid. |
| 1894
November 15 |
Roof
is closed in. |
| 1894
December 8 |
Plastering
of walls and ceiling-in one day. |
| 1894
December 13 |
Painters
begin. |
| 1894
December 19 |
Ordains
the Bible and Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures
as Pastor of The Mother Church. |
| 1894
December 30 |
First
service is held in the Mother Church--a communion service. The new
Pastor is announced. |
| 1895
January 6 |
Dedication
Service. Four services are held seating 6,000 people. A special service
for the children is held at 10:30 a.m. |
| 1895
March 25 |
Mrs.
Eddy refuses offer of gift of church and Pastorate. |
| 1895
April 1 |
Mary
Baker Eddy's first visit to the Mother Church and the Mother's Room
(private). |
| 1895
April 23 |
Mrs.
Eddy accepts title of Pastor Emeritus. |
| 1895
May 26 |
Second
visit to the Mother Church. Mrs. Eddy gives public address. |
| 1895
September 10 |
First
edition of the Manual of The Mother Church. |
| 1896
January 5 |
Second
address in the Original Edifice is given by Mrs. Eddy; a Communion
Service is held on the first anniversary of the Dedication Service. |
| 1896
April 19 |
Two
Sunday services become necessary and begin on this date. |
| 1902
June 18 |
Two
million dollars are pledged at the Annual Meeting to build an Extension
to the Original Mother Church to seat 5,000. |
| 1903
October |
Clearing
begins for construction of the Extension. |
| 1904
July 16 |
Cornerstone
of the Extension is laid. |
| 1905
October 1 |
Three
services are now needed in the Original and begin on this date. |
| 1906
June 10 |
Extension
is dedicated. |
| 1908
August 8 |
Mrs.
Eddy instructs the Directors to publish a daily newspaper, The
Christian Science Monitor. |
| 1908
November 25 |
First
issue of The Christian Science Monitor. |
| 1910
December 3 |
Mrs.
Eddy passes on. |
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ABOUT
THE AUTHOR
Margaret
M. Pinkham is a lifelong Christian Scientist. She wrote this book and
performed the extensive research the subject demanded while studying at
Boston University in the field of historic preservation. She and her husband,
Arthur, make their home in Connecticut.
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